2. はまりら はひひ: Have absolutely no idea what this is. Sounds like made-up words, kinda like the dwarves' Lally-ho in Final Fantasy. I'd need to know more about the game to make sense of this.
6/37/49. 世界の洞窟から1 - Pretty sure this is a pun on the famous 世界の車窓から TV series (goes by the name "See the World by Train" in English, apparently) . Used for comedic effect by implying that caves are sort of a global tourist attraction. So something like "Caves of the World" works best.
7. “なんかやばいっすよ” - Should be more slangy/colloquial: "I got a bad feelin' about this" or something.
8/22. 我が故郷、父不在 - "My home, Dad's not here"
10. 勝利の美酒 Can't say I've ever seen this translated as "Bragging Rights." The original translation is fine.
11. 誘いの町 - Original is fine.
12. 汝、今何時? Again, a pun. 汝 and 何時 are both pronounced in the same way. "What time is it thou?" Haha no, that's horrible.
23. 冒険部屋で何を想う - Reminiscing in the Adventure Room is better than what it says now, yes.
24. 天下とったる! とったる is a contraction of とってやる (I believe mostly associated with Kansai dialect). "I'll/We'll conquer the world!"
25. 師範達の晩歌 - Looks like another pun to me. Elegy is 挽歌 with a very similar first kanji, but the the one used here is 晩 which means evening, so it would be Evening Song (even though that's not actually a Japanese word).
26. 動かざること山の如し - Immovable as a Mountain is MUCH better.
27. これまた修業なり I'd say "This is also part of training" because it sounds better.
28. “九九もおぼえたよ” "I know my tables too!"
29. 魔人と呼ばれて幾歳月 - You are correct. Magician sounds kinda tame for 魔人 though. Warlock or Magus something is better. "I've Been Called a Warlock for Many Years now"
30. おねむの罠 The Trap of Sleep is fine
31. 愛がほしい(予告編) - Either translation is fine with me.
32. 落武者狩り - Current translation is fine.
33. 粋な港町 I prefer stylish personally.
34. "寄ってかない?" kanai has nothing to do with 家内 (wife). It's short for "寄っていかない?" Dropping the い is extremely common in spoken language. In this case it would also imply visiting some kind of establishment, not necessarily "coming closer." Judging by how they translated it, is it used for some kind of hostess bar or something similar? "Why don't you drop on by?" or something.
35. 赤組がんばれ!白組がんばれ! - Haha, yeah, some superfluous improv there.
36. "女はね、ムード作りが大事なの!" - "A woman, huh?" is completely wrong. It's more like "When dealing with girls, it's important to set the mood!"
38. 拾得物着服 - I have no qualms with the current translation if that's when it plays. It's literally "pocketing a find"
40. この猫、どこの猫 - Current translation is correct.
41. 男は褌 - Haha, where the hell did they get "buddhist" from!? "Real men wear loincloths" I'd say.
45. "組織には逆らえねぇ" - "Nobody screws with the organization"
50. ピラミッド調査団御一行様 I kinda like the current translation actually. It doesn't say "a hearty welcome" in Japanese, but the 御一行様 does imply an introduction of sorts. I'd say leave it as is.
51. むるろわーん No idea what this is.